Produced by 500 000 farmers, Shyam Benegal’s seminal 1976 film ‘Manthan’ has been meticulously restored in 4K and was screened at Cannes 2024 on friday under the Classic selection category. This revival not only celebrates the film’s artistic merit but also its deep-rooted portrayal of Gujarati village culture and the historic Gujarat Milk Cooperative movement.
‘Manthan’ masterfully captures the vibrant essence of rural Gujarat, immersing viewers in the everyday lives, customs, and traditions of its villagers. The film opens with picturesque scenes of the Gujarati countryside, showcasing the simplicity and beauty of village life.
Community Life
The village depicted in ‘Manthan’ is a close-knit community where everyone knows each other. This sense of community is a core element of Gujarati culture, emphasizing the importance of collective living and mutual support. The characters in the film frequently gather for village meetings, religious ceremonies, and social events, reflecting the communal harmony and shared responsibilities.
Traditional Attire and Customs
The villagers wear traditional Gujarati attire, with women adorned in vibrant saris and men in dhotis and turbans. The film pays close attention to these cultural details, enriching the narrative with authenticity. Rituals and customs, such as folk dances, religious prayers, and the celebration of festivals, are woven seamlessly into the story, providing a vivid portrayal of Gujarati traditions.
Role of Women
One of the film’s significant contributions is its focus on the empowerment of women. Initially portrayed as marginalized and bound by societal norms, the women in ‘Manthan’ gradually emerge as pivotal figures in the cooperative movement. Their journey from the confines of their homes to active participation in the milk cooperative symbolizes the transformative impact of social and economic reforms.
Village Economy
The film delves into the agrarian lifestyle of the villagers, who are primarily dependent on farming and cattle rearing. The establishment of the milk cooperative represents a significant shift in their economic structure. ‘Manthan’ highlights the villagers’ initial skepticism towards this new model and their eventual realization of its benefits, showcasing the dynamics of rural economic development.
Struggle and Resilience
The struggle to establish the milk cooperative is at the heart of ‘Manthan’. The villagers face numerous challenges, including opposition from local elites and internal conflicts. However, their resilience and collective effort lead to the cooperative’s success, symbolizing the broader struggle for social justice and economic self-reliance in rural India.
The Struggle of the Gujarat Milk Cooperative Society
‘Manthan’ is inspired by the real-life story of the Gujarat Milk Cooperative, which played a crucial role in the White Revolution in India. The cooperative movement, spearheaded by visionary leaders, faced immense challenges but ultimately succeeded in transforming the dairy industry and empowering farmers.
The film’s portrayal of this movement is both inspirational and educational. It shows how cooperative efforts can overcome entrenched societal barriers and bring about meaningful change. The success of the milk cooperative not only improved the economic conditions of the villagers but also fostered a sense of unity and purpose.
Conclusion
The restoration and screening of ‘Manthan’ at Cannes 2024 highlight the film’s timeless relevance and its profound impact on Indian cinema. Through its authentic depiction of Gujarati village culture and the historic milk cooperative movement, ‘Manthan’ continues to inspire and educate audiences worldwide about the power of community and the importance of social and economic reforms.
